Interference of blood storage containing K2EDTA and K3EDTA anticoagulants in the automated analysis of the hemogram / Interferência da estocagem de sangue contendo os anticoagulantes K2EDTA e K3EDTA na análise automatizada do hemograma

ABSTRACT Introduction: The present work evaluated the possible alterations in different hemogram parameters as: total erythrocyte count, hematocrit, leukocyte, and platelet count, against different times of sample storage at refrigerated and room temperature towards the effects of anticoagulants that can affect the variation of laboratory results. Objective: Compare variations in automated hemogram analysis, with blood collected in tubes containing dipotassium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (K2EDTA) and tripotassium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (K3EDTA). Material and methods: A comparative study was carried out on differential leukocyte count and absolute leukocyte count, hemoglobin determination and red blood cell count and platelet count. Therefore, it researches the anticoagulant that brings less interferences in hemogram analysis according to storage, at temperatures from 2°C to 8°C and 25°C (room temperature), and the time window between collection and analysis (4, 6, and 8 hours). These determinations were carried out after homogenization from five to eight inversions using the automated device Sysmex XN-1000TM. Eighteen biological samples of venous blood were collected, used as control, from patients aged 18 and over that did not have any hematologic disease. Results: The results were evaluated through descriptive statistical analysis, and comparison of mean values through the analysis of variance (Anova). In accordance with the results presented, there were not changes in the parameters by refrigerating the sample in the period of 8 hours, except for the platelet count, presenting oscillations when stored under refrigeration from 2°C to 8°C. Conclusion: At room temperature, the parameters mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and hematocrit presented significant statistical differences.

RESUMEN Introducción: Este trabajo evaluó los posibles cambios en diferentes parámetros del hemograma, como conteo de eritrocitos totales, leucocitos, hematocrito y plaquetas, con respecto a diferentes tiempos de almacenamiento de la muestra en ambiente refrigerado y temperatura ambiente en cuanto a los efectos de los anticoagulantes, que pueden afectar los resultados del análisis de laboratorio. Objetivo: Comparar los cambios presentes en el análisis del hemograma automatizado, recogido en tubos que contienen ácido etilendiaminotetraacético dipotásico (K2EDTA) y tripotásico (K3EDTA). Material y método: Estudio comparativo realizado para conteo diferencial/absoluto de leucocitos, determinación de hemoglobina y conteo de eritrocitos y plaquetas, a fin de investigar el anticoagulante que trae menos interferencia en el análisis del hemograma según su almacenamiento - temperatura de 2°C a 8°C y 25°C (temperatura ambiente) y ventana de tiempo entre recuento y análisis de 4, 6, y 8 horas. Se realizaron las determinaciones luego de homogeneizar las muestras con cinco a ocho inversiones en el analizador automatizado Sysmex XN-1000TM. Dieciocho muestras de sangre venosa de pacientes mayores de 18 años, sin enfermedades hematológicas, fueron recogidas y usadas como control. Resultados: Se evaluaron los resultados mediante un análisis descriptivo, con comparación de medias por análisis de la varianza (Anova). De acuerdo con los resultados, no hubo cambios en los parámetros enfriándose la muestra en el período de 8 horas, a excepción del recuento de plaquetas, que presentó oscilaciones bajo refrigeración (2°C-8°C). Conclusión: A temperatura ambiente, los parámetros volumen corpuscular medio (VCM), concentración de hemoglobina corpuscular media (CHCM) y hematocrito presentan diferencia estadísticamente significativa.

RESUMO Introdução: O presente trabalho avaliou as possíveis alterações em diferentes parâmetros do hemograma, como contagem de eritrócitos totais, leucócitos, hematócrito e plaquetas, em relação a diferentes tempos de armazenamento da amostra em ambiente refrigerado e em temperatura ambiente quanto aos efeitos dos anticoagulantes, que podem afetar a variabilidade de seus resultados laboratoriais. Objetivo: Comparar as variações presentes na análise do hemograma automatizado, colhido nos tubos contendo ácido etilenodiamino tetra-acético dipotássico (K2EDTA) e tripotássico (K3EDTA). Material e métodos: Estudo comparativo realizado para contagem diferencial/absoluta dos leucócitos, determinação de hemoglobina e contagem de hemácias e plaquetas, com o intuito de investigar o anticoagulante que traz menos interferentes na análise do hemograma de acordo com sua estocagem - temperatura de 2°C a 8°C e 25°C (temperatura ambiente) e janela de tempo entre a coleta e a análise de 4, 6 e 8 horas. Essas determinações foram realizadas após homogeneização de cinco a oito inversões pelo aparelho automatizado Sysmex XN-1000TM. Dezoito amostras biológicas de sangue venoso de pacientes com idade superior a 18 anos, sem doenças hematológicas, foram coletadas e utilizadas como controle. Resultados: Os resultados foram avaliados por meio de uma análise estatística descritiva, com comparação de médias através da análise de variância (Anova). De acordo com os resultados apresentados, não ocorreram alterações nos parâmetros ao refrigerar a amostra no período de 8 horas, com exceção da contagem de plaquetas, que apresentou oscilações quando armazenadas sob refrigeração de 2°C a 8°C. Conclusão: Na temperatura ambiente, os parâmetros volume corpuscular médio (VCM), concentração de hemoglobina corpuscular média (CHCM) e hematócrito apresentaram diferença estatística significante.

Plasma levels of E-cadherin and MMP-13 in prostate cancer patients: correlation with PSA, testosterone and pathological parameters.

AIMS AND BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer is the most common malignant tumor in men. Serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA), Gleason score and clinical range at the time of diagnosis are important factors to predict prognosis and outcome after therapy but additional accurate and reliable biomarkers are still wanted. So far, few biomarkers of prostate cancer have been successfully implemented and are being used in clinical practice. However, modifications of E-cadherin and MMP-13 expression are likely to be involved in prostate cancer invasion and thus are potential biomarkers for prognosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We analyzed the concentrations of E-cadherin and MMP-13 in plasma of patients with prostate cancer at diagnosis and 3 and 6 months after the beginning of treatment and related these measures to free and total PSA and other clinical features. RESULTS: The concentration of E-cadherin was lower in patients with prostate cancer compared to the control group, but there was no difference in the concentration of MMP-13 between these two groups. During treatment, however, we found no significant differences between the concentrations of MMP-13 and E-cadherin, but we observed a significant positive correlation between total PSA and E-cadherin plasma concentration at the third month of treatment and between total testosterone and MMP-13 plasma concentration before the start of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that these parameters could be used both in the diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer.

Evaluation of the biological effects of 5-Cl-8-oxyquinolinepropoxycalix[4]arene and 8-oxyquinolinepropoxycalix[4]arene in vitro and in vivo.

The development of antibacterial and antifungal drugs has been the target of several pharmaceutical and chemical industries mainly due to the lack of effective drugs with low or no side effect. In this work, studies were conducted both in vitro and in vivo with 8-oxyquinolinepropoxycalix[4]arene (A) and 5-Cl-8-oxyquinolinepropoxycalix[4]arene (B) ligands, showing fairly good results. Cytotoxicity and fungicidal actions of compounds A and B were determined in Wistar male rats and peritoneal macrophages of mice. A slight change in the total of leukocytes and erythrocytes was observed on the hematologic assays, showing almost no inflammation after using both compounds in Wistar male rats. We have also noted some, but not significant, alteration in liver enzymes representing modest hepatotoxicity. Cytotoxicity of peritoneal macrophages, in the presence of compound A or B, showed 50% of survival of macrophages. On the other hand, macrophages previously infected with Candida albicans and treated with substance A or B exhibited an increased cytokine IL-10 at 24h incubation. By checking the effect of substance A or B on growing C. albicans, the results pointed that these substances revealed antifungal activity against C. albicans, in 24h culture with a reduction of yeast cells.